Solar PV (Photovoltaic) systems convert sunlight into electricity through the use of solar cells. These cells generate direct current (DC) electricity when exposed to sunlight. An inverter then converts the DC electricity into alternating current (AC), which is the type of electricity used in homes and businesses.

Several factors impact the efficiency of a solar PV system, including the orientation and tilt of the solar panels, local weather conditions, shading, and the quality of the solar panels and inverters. Proper installation and regular maintenance also play crucial roles in optimizing efficiency.

The cost of a solar PV system varies based on factors such as system size, location, and equipment quality. However, many systems pay for themselves over time through energy savings and potential incentives. ROI depends on factors like local energy prices, available incentives, and the specific details of the installation.

Incentives and rebates for solar installations often include federal and state tax credits, local utility rebates, and renewable energy certificates. The availability and amounts of these incentives vary by location, so it’s essential to research and take advantage of the programs applicable to your area.

Solar PV systems generally require minimal maintenance. Periodic cleaning of the panels to remove dust and debris is beneficial, and routine checks for any shading issues or damage are recommended. Most solar panels have warranties ranging from 15 to 20 years, and their actual lifespan often exceeds these warranty periods, making them a durable and long-lasting investment.